THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL
BIOGRAPHY AND GLOSSARY

OBJECTIONS AGAINST GOD'S EXISTENCE
OBJECTIVE IDEALISM
  • The objective world is mental but objective, i.e., independent of the human knower alone, because it belongs to an absolute knower or world mind.
  • Differs from Subjective Idealism (Berkeleyanism) in that it teaches an absolute mind (monism) of which finite minds are manifestations. Subjective Idealism teaches many individual minds (knowers).
OBJECTIVISM
OCCASIONALISM
  • The theory that mind and body are separate realities which do not interact but that events occur in one as they occur in the other according as God wills their occurrence. (Malebranche)

Ochino, Bernardino
(1487-1564)
Bernardino Ochino

Bernardino Ochino

  • Italian Roman Catholic preacher

Ockenga, Harold John
(1905-1985)
Harold John Ockenga

Harold John Ockenga

  • US Congregational preacher.

Ockham, William of
(c1300-1349)
William of Ockham

William of Ockham

  • British theologian influenced by Duns Scotus
  • against Aquinas
  • reason cannot give us knowledge of God only revelation and faith can
  • followers called Ockhamists
  • wrote
    1. Summa Logicae
    2. Dialogus Inter Magistrum et Discipulum
  • Said "Doctrines peculiar to revealed theology are not susceptible to proof by pure reason."
  • Opposed papal infallibility
  • denied the civil authority of the Church
  • excommunicated for his views.

Oecolampadius, Johann
(1482-1531)
Johann Oecolampadius

Johann Oecolampadius


Olford, Stephen
(1918-2004)
Stephen Olford

Stephen Olford

  • US Baptist (originally from UK) preacher.

Oman, John Wood
(1860-1939)
John Wood Oman

John Wood Oman

  • British Presbyterian theologian
  • liberal
  • principal of Westminster College
  • wrote
    1. The Natural and the Supernatural
    2. Concerning the Ministry.

ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT FOR EXISTENCE OF GOD
  • I have the idea of something absolutely perfect
  • In order for it to be absolutely perfect, it must have (among its many other characteristics) existence
  • Therefore a perfect being must exist

ONTOLOGY
  • The theory of being as such, i.e., of ultimate reality.
OPERATIONALISM
  • Also called Operationism.
  • A theory of knowledge advanced by Bridgman, comparable to Dewey's instrumentalism in the belief that the meaning of a concept is "synonymous with the corresponding set of operations." (Bridgman)
OPERATIONISM
Orchard, William Edwin
(1877-1955)
William Edwin Orchard

William Edwin Orchard

  • British preacher who was Anglican then Presbyterian then Congregational then Roman Catholic.

Origen
(c 185-254)
Origen

Origen

  • theologian
  • wrote
    1. Against Celsus
    2. Fundamental Doctrines (De principiis)
  • Christians can speculate on anything except the fundamental doctrines
  • he held to reincarnation
  • ultimate restoration to God of all creatures including the devil
  • held three forms of hermeneutic which allowed for allegorizing truth
  • note spelling of his name "--en" not "--in"
ORIGIN OF LIFE
Orr, James
(1844-1913)
James Orr

James Orr

  • Scottish theologian
  • moderate Calvinist
  • wrote many books including: The Christian View of God and the World.

ORTHODOXY
Osiander, Andreas
(1498-1552)
Andreas Osiander

Andreas Osiander

  • German theologian reformer
  • followed Luther
  • merged justification and regeneration

Otto, Rudolf
(1869-1937)
Rudolf Otto

Rudolf Otto

  • German theologian
  • professor at Gottingen, Breslau and Marburg
  • admired Schleiermacher
  • wrote The Idea of the Holy
  • emphasized transcendent God

Owen, John
(1616-1683)
John Owen

John Owen

  • British Congregational Puritan theologian
  • entered Oxford at age 12
  • got master's degree at age 19
  • supported Parliamentary cause in Civil War
  • chaplain to Cromwell
  • emphasized congregational form of church government
  • Non-conformist
  • wrote The Epistle to the Hebrews
  • His works are found in 16 volumes.

Oxnam, Garfield Bromley
(1891-1963)
Garfield Oxnam

Garfield Oxnam

  • US Methodist
  • liberal
  • textual preacher
  • taught social ethics